Development Timeline (Birth to 19 Years)

TDA 2. 1 (1. 1) DEVELOPMENTAL TIMELINE FROM have a bun in the oven TO NINETEEN YEARS The time frames presented are averages and some children may achieve unhomogeneous developmental milestones earlier or later than average but still be within the normal range. BIRTH TO 5 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural evolution Communication andIntellectual evolution somatogenic Development(gross and lovely motor) Birth 1 month Generalised tension. Help little. A social ( non social). Fed by mother. Feedings 5 8 per mean solar day. Sleep 20 hours per day.Sensory Capacities makes basic distinctions in vision, hearing, smelling and tasting, touch temperature and perception of pain. 2 months 3 months Distress. Smiles at a face. Visually fixates at a faceand smiles at it. perhaps soothed by rocking. Enjoys being cuddled. Expresses delight. Oral Exploration cries, coos, grunts. Sensory Capacities colour perception visual exploration. Motor Ability control of eye ponderositys li fts head when on stomach. BIRTH TO 5 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 4 months 6 months Enjoys being cuddled. Recognises his mother. Distinguishes between familiar persons and strangers. No long-lasting smiles indiscriminately. Expects feeding, dressing and bathing. Oral Exploration babbling makes most vowels and about half of the consonants, Sensory Capacities localises sounds. Motor Ability control of head and arm motions purposive grasping, rolls over. 7 months 9 months Specific emotional attachment to mother. Protests separation from mother. Enjoys peek-a-boo games. Motor Ability control of trunk and hands sits without support crawls about. 10 months 12 months Responsive to consume name. Waves bye-bye. Plays pat-a cake. Understands no Gives and takes objects. Affection. Anger. Fear of strangersCuriosity & Exploration. lecture says one or two words imitates sounds responds to simple(a) commands. Feedings 3 meals per day, 2 snacks. Sleep 12 hours per day with2 naps. Motor Ability control of legs and feet stands creeps apposition of thumb and fore-finger. BIRTH TO 5 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 1 year 11/2 eld Dependent demeanour. Very up put down when separated from mother. Fear of the bath. Obeys limited commands. beted in his mirror prototype. Language repeats a fewer words. Motor Ability creeps up stairs walks (10 20 minutes) makes lines on paper with crayon feeds himself. 11/2 years 2 years Temper tantrums (1 3 years). Resentment of a untested baby. Does the inverse of what he is told (18 months). Language vocabulary of more than 200 words. Motor Ability runs kicks a ball builds a 6-cube tower (2 years) capable of bowel & bladder control. Sleep 12 hours at night with1 2 hour naps 2 years 3 years Fear of separati on. Negativistic (2 1/2 years). Violent tempers. Different facial expressions anger, sorrow and joy. Sense of humour plays tricks. Copies parents actions. Dependent, clinging. Possessive about toys. (continued overleaf) Language talks, uses I, me and you says words, phrases and simple sentences vocabulary of 272 words. In faculty to make decisions. Motor Ability jumps off a step rides a tricycle uses crayons builds a 9-cube tower seats self on a chair uses a spoon and fork becoming independent in toileting turns pages singly. BIRTH TO 5 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 2 years 3 years(continued) Enjoys play alongside another child. Resists parental demands. Gives orders. Rigid insistence on sameness of routine. Self-centred reservoir of personal identity. Possessive. Often negative frustrated.More responsive to humour and distraction. Solitary play. Dependent on adult guida nce. Plays with dolls. Little concept of others as people. socially very(prenominal) immature. May respond to simple direction. Enjoys music. . BIRTH TO 5 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 3 years 4 years Knows if he is a boy or a girl. Enjoys brief group activities requiring no skill. Like to help in microscopical ship canal. self-sufficient in many routines of home life. Affectionate towards parents.Pleasure in genital manipulation. Cooperative play with other children. Attends nursery school. Imitates parents. Romantic attachment to parent of opposite sex (3 5 years). Jealousy of same-sex parent. fanciful fears of dark, injury, etc. (3 5 years). Takes turns and likes to share. Beginning of identification with same-sex parents. Practises same-sex role activities. Intense curiosity and interest in other childrens bodies. Imaginary friend. Uses we. Has a vocabulary of 8 96 words. Growth in communication. Tells simple stories. Uses words as tools of thought.Has a desire to understand to his environment. slew answers questions. May recite a few nursery rhymes. . Motor Ability stands on one leg jumps up and down draws a circle and a cross (4 years) draws Man cuts with scissors (not well) induct wash and dry face throws ball overhand. BIRTH TO 5 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 4 years 5 years Highly Cooperative play. Highly social has special friends. Highly organised (5 years). May play loosely organised games (e. g. ag decamp scotch). Enjoys simple table games requiring turns and observing rules. Talkative. Versatile. Responsibility and guilt. Feels pride. Prefers to play with other children. Becomes competitive. Prefers sex-appropriate activities. Highly imaginative. Dramatic. Self-assured. Stable and well-adjusted. Home centred likes t o associate with mother. Capable of some self-criticism. Enjoys responsibility. Like to follow rules. Interest in environment, town, city, shops, etc. Talks clearly. Uses adult speech soundsHas mastered basic grammar. Asks endless questions. Learning to generalise.Tells long tales. Reads own name. Counts to 10. Asks meaning of words. Knows colours. Beginning to know the exit between fact and fiction. Has the ability to tell lies. Knows over 2000 words (5 years). Motor Ability hops and skips mature motor control, skips good balance smoother muscle action skates rides a bicycle (with stabilisers) broad jumps, dresses without help, copies a square and a triangle sess draw recognisable simple objects handedness established ties shoes, girls small muscle development about 1 year ahead of boys. 6 YEARS TO 10 YEARSSocial, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). Starts spending more time in school and w ith peers than with family. Has friends that are primarily the same sex. Accepts responsibility for their actions. Express concerns for the welfare of others. Personality and humour develops. send word decentre (realizes others have ideas and feelings that are not the same as theirs). Attention levels increase can inhibit impulsive behaviour. Has greater emotional control. Play becomes sophisticated and increasingly symbolic.Playing a gang or group (organised sports and games). Spends more time and concentration on individual interests (books, music, computer games, constructing models. Tastes and skills are almost defined (pre-teen). Demonstrates relativism (they can be wrong and that theirs, and others, thoughts and feelings do not affect reality). Strongly influenced by friends. Evidence of logical and organised thought. Demonstrates deductive reasoning. Understands the concepts of right and wrong. Speed and strength of thought increases. Can relate involved accounts of events . Complex and compound sentences easily used.Only a few lapses in grammatical constrictions (tense, pronouns, plurals). All speech sounds are established. Reading and writing with considerable ease. Plays challenging games and puzzles that test knowledge and physicality. Can classify one object in more than one way. Can moderate on a conversation at an adult level. Learns to join their letters and can decipher other joined-up writing. Doodles and sketches becoming more naturalistic. Can follow (fairly) composite instructions with little repetition. Starts to question unknown concepts (eg. death, birth, etc. ). Able to set and achieve goals.Reads for pleasure (8+ years). Can tell the time (7+ years). Motor Ability movement is smoothand coordinated can ride a bicycle without stabilisers plays challenging games to test physicalityContinues to grow steadily in weight and height. Body proportions starting to look less childlike and more like those of an adult. Exhibits high levels of energy. Puberty may begin (as young as 9). Periods may begin (as young as 8). Sleep 10 hours per day. 10 YEARS TO 14 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 13 YearsMay act in destructive ways slamming doors stamping feet. May become overly sensitive and easily offended. May begin dabbling in serious behaviour self harm smoking cigarettes drinking alcoholic beverage taking drugs having sex). Peer pressure has the most influence. Interested in fitting in and being the same as their peers. Relationships can become complex and anxious not speaking to others enjoy fighting/making up. May have large shifts in social circles may withdraw and avoid their peers or aim to stick with their friends, no matter what.Prefers to be social than tend to school- have or other responsibilities. Silliness can rule can have a depraved sense of humour. May push away from their parents to spend more t ime with friends. Cliques and tight-knit groups can form. Between 12 and 14 years, both sexes become very aware of their sexuality and that of others. Nervous of developing too fast or too slowly. A handwriting style develops. More abstract thought, incorporates principles of formal logic. thought becomes less tied to concrete reality. Formal logical systems can be acquired. Can handle proportions, algebraic manipulation.Evidence of organised, logical thought. Capable of concrete caper solving. Growing ability to see the consequences of their actions. More able to think like adults, but not the judgement and experience. Arguing skills improve (passionate). Reasoning skills improve applies concepts to particular(prenominal) examples. Can construct hypothetical solutions to problems and evaluate. Focus on the future develops. Recognises cause and effect (present/future events). Sets personal goals. Decision-making skills improve. Learns to distinguish fact from opinion. Can evalu ate credibility of various sources of information.May challenge adults assumptions and solutions. GirlsOnset of puberty (11 years). Menstruation begins (121/2 years but sometimes earlier). Breasts begin to grow and develop (breast buds). BoysGrowth spurts, unwieldiness and lack or coordination. Hormonal mood swings in boys and girls moody, depressed, surly and rebellious acutely interested in the opposite sex. Adult teeth in place (by 13 years). Special gifts and talents emerge (sports, artistic, mental, etc. ). 13 Years GirlsGrowth in height continues, but a slower pace (adult height reached by 16 or 17 years).Breast development continues. Growth of pubic and under-arm hair. Body shape changes (hips, fat deposits buttocks, legs, stomach). Periods become regular. Pregnancy becomes possible. 10 YEARS TO 14 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 13 Years (continued)Evidence of tee n rebellion. Early risk taking behaviour could increase in difficulty and occur with other risky behaviours. Eager to assert their independence. Negative and positive peer pressure friends classmates.Three possible study health problems include eating disorders depression substance abuse. 13 Years (continued)Boys fast growth in height and weight. Muscles fill out strength increases. pubic and under arm hair appears and thickensBody hair increases. Voice deepens. Penis, scrotum and testes enlarge. Ejaculation and nocturnal emissions occur. Boys and GirlsAlways hungry. Sleep patterns alter dramatically. Oily skin and acne may occur). Sweating increases. Rapid growth causes clumsiness and lack of coordination. Sexual desires and fantasies increase. 14 YEARS TO 19 YEARSSocial, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 14 YearsUncertain, unhappy and sensitive. Withdrawn spends time alone needs privac y. Can be neurotic (convinced that everyone is watching and judging). Low self-esteem very concerned with body image and appearance (physical sexual). May refuse to sociable with adults. Self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept). 15 YearsGenerally easy going happy. Recognises own strengths and weaknesses. Is critical of others, specially parents. Likes to be busy with extracurricular activities. Large and varied social circle friends of both sexes. Anxious to be liked and accepted. Strong interest in opposite sex. Can be quarrelsome and wont communicate. Desires independence from familyRelationships with siblings better than with parents. May have one or two best friends. Dating and romantic relationships may be commonplace. 14 YEARS TO 19 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development Communication andIntellectual Development Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 16+ YearsRelationship with family becomes easier more caring. Self-assured with sen se of self. Views parents as people, not the bosses. Friendships are very important both sexes shared interests. Intense romantic relationships. May have anxiety over school and test scores. Interest in school increases or decreases. Seeks privacy and time alone. May complain that parents prevent independence. Starts to integrate both physical and emotional intimacy into relationships. Is increasingly aware of social behaviours of friends. Seeks friends that share similar beliefs values interests.Friends become more important. Starts to have more intellectual interests. Egocentrism develops in some teenager. 16+ YearsBecomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future. Has a better understanding of complex interrelationships of problems and issues. Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role models. Cognitive maturity developsComponential intelligence ability to use internal information-processing strategies in problem solving,Metacognition awareness of ones cognitive processes (vital in problem solving).Experiential intelligence able to transfer learning effectively to new skills. Contextual intelligence ability to apply intelligence in a practical context. Tacit knowledge savvy or street wise (to work the system to ones advantage). 16+ YearsGirlsMost have completed the physical changes related to puberty by 15 years. BoysStill maturingGaining strength and muscle mass height. end development of sexual traits. The brain is fully developed by 19+ years.