Babe Ruth, Informative - 1604 Words

Everyone has heard of the infamous â€Å"Babe Ruth†, but few people know that his birth given name is George Herman Ruth, Jr. He lived from February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948, and was best known as Babe Ruth and nicknamed the Bambino and the Sultan of Swat. Babe was an American baseball player who spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) playing for three teams between the years of 1914–1935. The most important points of Babe’s life are his early childhood, his major league baseball career, and the legacy that Babe left behind. Ruth came from German-American parents, Kate Schamberger-Ruth and George Herman Ruth, Sr. His parents owned a succession of saloons (bars) and sold lightning rods. Babe Ruth was one of seven children;†¦show more content†¦Babe’s amazing pitching allowed the Red Sox to win the World Series again, four games to one. Ruth extended his World Series consecutive scoreless inning streak to 29â…” innings, a recorded that would last until almost fifty years later. Inly July 1918, Ruth walked off the field due to a dispute with the manager, a mistake that would soon lead him to be traded to the Yankees. However Ruth wouldn’t go out without a fight. Ruth placed a â€Å"curse† on the Red Sox for trading him to the Yankees. The Red Sox didn’t win another World Series until 2004 (86 years later). On December 26, 1919, Babe Ruth was traded to the Yankees. Several reasons such as Babe’s negative attitude and his demand for a double in his salary led his trade to the New York Yankees for almost $2mil (in now a days dollars). Babe would stay with the Yankees from 1919-1935. During his career with the Yankees, Babe Ruth emerged from a pitcher, to an all-star hitter. In 1920, Babe hit 54 home runs and his .847 slugging average would remain a Major League Baseball record for over 80 years. The best year of Ruth’s career was 1921, hitting 59 home runs, batting .378 and slugging .846. Ruth also hit a record high of 139 home runs on July 18, 1921. Ruth’s name soon became synonymous with the term home-run. Babe’s powerful home runs went as far as 575 feet from the home plate. Unfortunately, due to an injury, Babe was not able to play in a majority of the World Series against the New York Giants. This led to theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Babe Ruth1027 Words   |  5 PagesBabe Ruth Babe Ruth is an American hero. He transformed baseball from a sport, to a national pastime when it needed it the most. Coming off of the wake of the Black Socks scandal, baseball was headed downhill. It had a bad reputation, and interest was waning. The dead-ball era was dragging on, and there were to few baseball purists left to support it. Baseball was in search of a new audience, and Babe Ruth handed it to them on a silver platter. Babe Ruth started the Home run era of baseballRead MoreFilms About Baseball: A League of Their Own and The Jackie Robinson Story1300 Words   |  6 Pagesis a successful movie. It helps that the movie is based in spirit around real history from the time. I can fully recommend A League of Their Own as an entertaining and informative movie. â€Æ' 42: The Jackie Robinson Story (2013) Jackie Robinson is an American icon. His name comes up perhaps second only to the great Babe Ruth when speaking of baseball so it’s only fitting that a movie was made about him eventually. 42: The Jackie Robinson Story (2013) is about Robinson breaking through the blatantRead MoreDescriptive Analysis6093 Words   |  25 PagesSTRATEGIES Although the narrative and descriptive essays are often given as separate assignments in composition courses, they are combined in this first section so that teachers can present expressive writing and still reserve time for the many forms of informative and argumentative writing. This choice is tricky because it confirms the folk wisdom about expressive writing and rhetorical difficulty. According to custom, students can write narratives first because they are already familiar with storytelling

Association Between Insecure Parental Attachment And...

Association Between Insecure Parental Attachment and Depression: Adolescence and Young Adults with and without Siblings Nearly 4 in 10 children in the United States lack strong parental attachments (Huber, 2014). Individuals who suffer from a lack strong parental attachment are more likely to suffer from poverty, family instability, stress and depression (Huber, 2014). It is possible that those who suffer from insecure parental attachment within their family are more likely to suffer from higher levels of depression if they do not have any siblings than those who do. Depression and Insecure Parental Attachment Depression is a disorder that is a very prevalent disorder amongst the United States population as a whole. This disorder can be†¦show more content†¦From the start of childbirth, children depend on their parent(s) or caregiver(s) to take care of their needs in life (Rodrigue Reeves, 2015). Four types of attachment to focus on are: secure attachment, insecure-resistant attachment, insecure-avoidant attachment, and insecure-disorganized attachment. Secure attachment refers to when the parent(s) or caregiver(s) are present in the child’s life. Children feel comfortable about being independent to an extent and will interact with new and familiar things on their own in the presence of their caregiver. Separation may cause distress, due to the dependence and attachment to the caregiver. Insecure-avoidant the child does not rely on the care giver for safety and will be precociously independent. They also do relatively well with the caregiver being non present and opened to interacting with strangers. Insecure-resistant attachment the caregiver has the child more focused on their presence and will avoid new experiences even if the caregiver is present. If separation occurs, they become distress and do not cope well even after their return. Finally, insecure-disorganized attachment children show more disoriented or strange behaviors. They will wander with no purpose and show engagement in any activity while being distressed and confused about what they should do or how to interact with or around the

The Crucible 4 Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Crucible 4 Essay, Research Paper The Crucible Arthur Miller The choice, # 8220 ; The Crucible # 8221 ; , is in the signifier of a drama. The scene takes topographic point in Salem, Massachusetts in the twelvemonth 1692. The people of Salem led a rigorous life, whose concerns were largely concentrated upon the worklife while following the rules and rites of the Christian faith. Any clip off of work meant that they would merely concentrate harder on praying. They were a # 8220 ; God-fearing # 8221 ; community believing that they were under changeless surveilance by God and will be damnned for all mortal wickednesss. The narrative foremost starts out in Rev. Samuel Parris # 8217 ; s house in the sleeping room of his girl Betty. She is seemingly ill and he is praying by her bedside. Many people of the town have gathered to detect some explaination for her sudden illness. They all have heard rumour of possible old witch-craft doing her illness. Rev. Parris does non desire his church to pervert on the fact that his girl many have made contact with the Satan. He is more concerned about the destiny of his church than the well being Betty. Betty and other misss of the town have been seen dancing to Psalmss of witch-craft with T he Reverend’s servant Tituba. After the reaching of Rev. John Hale, Betty awakes and Tells of her visions of many adult females the the town with the Satan. Those adult females who were accused were to be tried in tribunal for contact with the Satan through witch-craft. As a God-fearing communtiy, any grounds of immoralities could non be denied. Because they believe that if they deny evil, so at the same clip they are denying goodness, which is God. So no defence of accused peoples could be based upon grounds, merely because immorality can non be seen. So any accused individual must squeal to it and be rehabilitated, or will be hung if they are willing to demo pride in their artlessness. The tribunal in which they base the jurisprudence states that # 8220 ; God damns all prevaricators # 8221 ; . Ironically, if they were to squeal guilt and yet they were guiltless so they will be # 8220 ; damned by God. # 8221 ; Arthur Miller, through the context of the drama, could be stating us that when covering with our inner struggles, our desicions should be based on what our witting thinks is right. The desicions that the characters faced in the narrative may be the most of import desicions they have of all time made. And the desicions they made was right with their ain Black Marias.

Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells And Importance Of Membranes free essay sample

Describe the structure and function of each of the eukaryotic organelles. A eukaryotic cell is sectioned by internal membranes into different functioning categories called organelles. For example, the nucleus houses DNA, the genetic component that controls the cells activities. (Boundless. Introduction Boundless Biology). The Cytoplasm is the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It has a lot of responsibilities within the cell. It contains enzymes for breaking down waste and also gives the cell its shape. The Nucleus or the brain which it is sometimes called is covered by a double membrane.It helps to manage the activities like eating, reproduction and movement within the cell. The Ribosome is small fine organelles made up of RNA protein as well as produces protein which is needed for the cells functions like repairing damages. The Cytokines a gelatin material. Which helps the cell keep it shape. It also controls muscle contractions and causes cell and organelle movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells And Importance Of Membranes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Cell Wall a rigid layer outside the cell membrane. It provides protection against stress, infection and keeps it from breaking. It also prevents water loss. A Cell Membrane holds a cell together ND puts up a wall that protect the inside of the cell from the outside. It also handles the movement of materials that come into or that leaves out of the cell. The nucleolus a small non-membrane crowed area inside the nucleus. This is where protein is being put together. This is a major component in the nucleus and based on the entity it is found in the arrangement of the nucleolus changes. There are two types of ERE. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and the other is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. They are different in structure and functions.The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ERE) is covered bosomed (resembling bumps) and flattened sacs (resembling stacks of folded papers) that help in the manufacturing and transport of proteins, globetrotting and hormones. The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SEER) doesnt have bumps (ribosome) but it makes lipids and steroids and contains enzymes that participate with breaking down toxins, and drugs. It also saves steroids and ions for the cell. The Googol Apparatus also known as the Googol body, is part of a cellular construction that takes part in the change and passing out of proteins along with macromolecules.The main function is to e in charge of handling the macromolecules that are needed for the cell to function properly. It makes and puts together macromolecules for secretion and use inside the cell. The Mitochondria is a two membrane cell. An inner membrane and an outer membrane. The outer membrane covers the whole organelle and the inner membrane is grouped in to many Cristal which stretches the membrane increasing the chances to make large amounts of A TIP. Its main function is to control the energy flow Of the cell. Chloroplast are double membrane enclosed organelles.It is the format in green plants where photosynthesis takes place. It is usually shaped like a lens and some are shaped like clubs with a colorless center. The most important job of the chloroplast is to make food by way of photosynthesis. The Centrists are round shaped organelles. Each is made up of nine sets of three threads and are arranged in a ring shaped style. They operate as a microcircuit formatting center which is an important act in a leading cellular growth. The Lissome the outside layer is made up of a single membrane which contain many enzymes.The functions of the Lissome is to get rid of material around the cell, to get rid of materials inside and outside the cell and fully break down ells that are dead. The Vacuole a membrane that encloses a large amounts of fluid. This fluid that hold waste as well as food. It also helps plants to save water. Its function is to remove unwanted waste. It also allows the cell to change it shape. It blocks anything that may be harmful to the cell. The Nuclear Envelope made of two nuclear membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.It divides the inside of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and gives it the basic groundwork of the nucleus. Chromatin a fine grainy component made up of DNA joined to protein. The function of hormonal is to simply contain DNA into a small amount to fit inside the nucleus of a cell and also to guard the DNA format and arrangement. Chromosomes is 50% proteins and 50% DNA. Thread like housing that holds genetic information that is needed for the entity take form and grow. Cilia and Agleam extremities that stretch from the exterior of many eukaryotic cells.Both are made up of a barrel-shaped cluster of nine threads. An entire circular hollow shaped tube going into the tip of the strand (cilium). Part of the circular hollow shaped tube that does not go as far into the tip as well as set of single circular hollow tubes going up through the center of the stack. The functions of these two move fluid past the exterior of the cell. (Example: single cells such as sperm which help them to swim). Distinguish between those that are and are not membranous. Prokaryotic cells do not have membranes organelles.Eukaryotic cells have both membrane and non-membrane organelles. Membrane: Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Googol Apparatus, Mitochondria, Plastics and Lissome are membrane organelles that are sometimes found in eukaryotic cells. Endoplasmic reticulum are made up of split membranes. Some are linked to the plasma membrane as well as the nuclear membrane. There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Built upon the existence of bumps (ribosome) on the membrane of the small tubes this is called rough endoplasmic Reticulum.That membrane which does not have bumps (ribosome) on its exterior are called Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Mitochondria can be found any. Verve in the cytoplasm and are in the form of round, oval and stick like shapes. This membrane organelle has two membranes: a velvety outer membrane as well as an inner membrane. It is called the Mitochondria. To form Cristal, the inner membrane is folded into the cytoplasm. Cristal enhances the exterior of the membrane. This double membrane organelle in which both membranes are smooth is the Chloroplast.A single membrane organelle is known as the Googol apparatus. Separated by a unit membrane are the vesicles from the cytoplasm. Both the Cilia and the Flagella are membranous structures with their structures being similar. The flagella are long and the cilia are short structures. Numerous amounts of cilia, one flagellum and 2 flagella normally inhabit one cell with ACH being enclosed in a unit membrane. Their make-up consist of 2 primary small tubes and 9 sets of secondary small tubes. This is known as the 9+2 system of small tubes.Prokaryotic cells have flagella but do not have the 9+2 system. Non-Membrane: Ribosome, Castellated Structures, Centrists, Cilia and Flagella organelles ordinarily do not have membranes. Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are ribosome. Small fine grainy like formations that can be found in the cytoplasm. Ass and ass are forms of ribosome. Ass are in prokaryotic cells and ass in the eukaryotic cell. Installments and misconstrues (small allow tubes) are two types of Nan-membrane structures that can be found in the cytokines.Of the three none of them contain a unit membrane. Misconstrues are very fine subdivided formats that are hollow and round rod like components. Which are protein tubes made of Dublin protein. Installments are also subdivided formats that are solid rod like formats which are also protein tubes made up of acting protein. Another cell that is not enclosed in a membrane is the centrists. It is made up of a trio of small hollow tubes (misconstrues that are formed over a hole where there is no key misconstrues. This formation of misconstrues is called the 9+0 format of misconstrues.

Comparison of Three (3) Paintings Essays

Comparison of Three (3) Paintings Essays Comparison of Three (3) Paintings Essay Comparison of Three (3) Paintings Essay Subject: The Battle of the Amazons. 1618 by Pieter Pauwel Rubens seems to be of war. force and the desperate demand to complete a conflict no affair the cost while the Heart of the Andes. 1859 by Frederic Edwin Church seems to be about the enormousness and beauty of nature in its balance of contrasts between visible radiation and darkness. bulkiness and minuteness. power and failing. The Volga Boatmen. 1870-73 painted by Ilya Repin. nevertheless. depicts the subject of unsought yet unconscious imprisonment. Temper: The temper conveyed by this picture called The Battle of the Amazons. 1618 is one of disturbed convulsion while the Heart of the Andes. 1859 gives one the feel of repose and peace. The Volga Boatmen. 1870-73 nevertheless. affects you by doing you experience hopeless. Meaning: Rubens’ picture. The Battle of the Amazons. makes me experience disturbed because of the war between two determined forces that will make everything to win. However I see an implicit in chauvinist message because the play in this image shows that the work forces are on top of the state of affairs and that the adult females are driven to travel below the span and dice. It does demo the bravery and strength of adult females despite the thrust of the masculine to be winning though. For me. Church’s Heart of the Andes. 1859 is so full of intending in the context of Christianity. The cross is so little amidst its surrounding mountains. trees and river. I feel that it merely shows that we are in a universe where we can non command nature. All we can keep on to is faith. It besides conveys the message of hope. One could see that the H2O hastes with force near the waterfalls but composures down by the Bankss. It could intend that one tends to concentrate on disruptive countries of his life but the unagitated beyond it is at that place to convey hope. This is besides seen with the contrast of visible radiation on the left side of the picture and darkness or cloud cover at the side of the mountains. It is unconditioned in nature to be a balance. There can non be excessively much darkness without the promise of visible radiation. Repin’s The Volga Boatmen. 1870-73 is a picture that seems to state me that one is imprisoned into imprisonment because of one’s occupation as a boater. Although there is no 1 guarding or keeping you in detention. the mere predicament of holding to work detains you and sentences you to a life of load and sadness. Although there are boaters in the picture that seem to jest or even smoke a pipe. these do non extinguish the abrasiveness of life. It shows a contradiction because although the country where they are situated in seems to be huge. they do non see the potency for life. Similarities: These pictures are similar in the sense that they portray life in its existent sense. The Battle of the Amazons shows that adult females will neer win against work forces in the ferociousness of physical strength. The Heart of the Andes shows that nature will take its class no affair what and that hope is merely at that place if you will merely acknowledge it. The Volga boater shows that life is drab if you are burdened with work that you don’t love. In the affair of colourss. the pallet used were all of natural sunglassess which seem to intend that these pictures are all about life and human nature. Contrasts: These pictures contrast each other because of the messages they seem to convey. The Battle of the Amazons show that one has to contend to acquire what he wants in life. The Heart of the Andes seems to demo that one will finally acquire what destiny will give no affair what he prays for. The Volga Boatmen merely tells us that life means nil so you merely have to populate it mundane. The pictures besides differ in its attack because the Battle of the Amazons shows a really tight scene full of action in every infinite while the Heart of the Andes shows small action at all while the Volga Boatmen conveys no motion from its capable despite their attempts to draw their load.

Hamlet vs. Oedipus Essay Example

Hamlet vs. Oedipus Essay Example Hamlet vs. Oedipus Essay Hamlet vs. Oedipus Essay Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus the King by Sophocles are both tragic stories which contain many elements of which are similar and different. Although both Hamlet and Oedipus suffer from fate, Hamlet’s father is murdered by his brother Claudius, while Oedipus kills his own father. Both Hamlet and Oedipus have the opportunity to shun their fate, but the two men believe themselves to be the only individual who can resolve the predicament which they are faced with. The homeland of Hamlet and Oedipus, Denmark and Thebes, are both in a state of tumult. After Hamlet’s father’s death Denmark was presided by a new court, after Claudius, who in addition to murdering Hamlet’s father, became king by marrying his mother, Gertrude. Thebes, on the other hand, was infested with plague and other sickness. Dictated by Oedipus’ brother-in-law, Creon, according to the message from the oracle, the only way to rid Thebes of its death and pestilence was to abolish the individual responsible for Laius’ murder. One of the most significant characteristics in both Hamlet and Oedipus is their individual convictions that it is their solemn duty to rescue their state from destruction. Shortly after Hamlet learns that his father has passed away due to â€Å"natural causes†, he is haunted by the ghost of his murdered father when he learns the real truth about his father’s death. â€Å"O cursed spite That ever I was born to set it right! † (Shakespeare I. 5 v. 191-92), exclaimed Hamlet at the end of Act I. : Regardless of the task being feasible or not, sworn by his own nobility as the former son and true reigning Prince of Denmark, Hamlet’s decision to set things straight in Denmark sets his fate. Like Hamlet, Oedipus decides it is his responsibility as the King of Thebes to investigate the murder of Laius without trepidation for his own wellbeing. Just as Hamlet’s best friend, Horatio, attempts to thwart Hamlet from retaliation upon his uncle for murdering his father, Tiresias, a blind prophet of Thebes, advises Oedipus not to pursue the murderer of Laius, stating, â€Å"It is not Creon who harms you- you harm yourself. (Sophocles 23) Despite the admonition from Terisias, and also attributed to the rash decision making and hard-headed persona portrayed by Oedipus’ character, he is committed to unveiling the truth about Laius’ death at any cost. Though both Hamlet and Oedipus both seek vengeance for the respective murderers in their story, there is an import ant difference between the two men; Hamlet seeks to kill Claudius for the murder of his father, and Oedipus, as a result of ignoring Terisias’ warning, is unaware the retribution he seeks is on himself. In contrast to Oedipus’ fortitude to depict the murderer of Laius, Hamlet is hesitant about taking action against Claudius, although eventually, however, Hamlet becomes convinced that taking out his father’s murderer is his fate. Unlike Hamlet, whose fate is fueled by Claudius’ actions, Oedipus’ fate is determined by the gods; yet, his insistence in finding Laius’ murderer brings about his downfall. While the murder in each story is very unique from one another, both Hamlet and Oedipus are lured by a form of fate in which there is no turning back. In order to fully understand Hamlet and Oedipus’ fate, it is important to recognize who is responsible for each man’s destiny, along with the significance of tragedy in each story. Although extremely ambivalent, when Hamlet learns of his father’s murder he realizes that he must seek vengeance on Claudius as he believes it is his obligation to his father’s wishes and also as the rightful heir to the throne in Denmark. Hamlet’s belief in his fate is evident when he leaves Horatio and Marcellus behind to follows his father’s ghost up the stairs, claiming, â€Å"My fate cries out, And makes each pretty artier in this body, As hardy as the Nemean lion’s nerves . . . † (Shakespeare I. 4 v. 81-86) Although Hamlet’s free will certainly plays a part in the decision to pursue Claudius, his fate is jump-started by act of murder, therefore occurring due to the action of another individual. Oedipus, on the other hand, chooses to be involved in the death of Laius, thus, concurring with the predetermination of Oedipus’ fate set forth by the gods. When arrogantly speaking to Creon, Oedipus proclaims, â€Å"I shall rid us of this pollution, not for the sake of a distant relative, but for my own sake. † (Sophocles 12) Unlike Hamlet, it was Oedipus’ foolishness and egotistical behavior that kicked him in the direction of his tragic ending. Oedipus has nobody to blame but himself for the way he ended up. His negligence towards the wise words of Tiresias eventually resulted in the belated acknowledgment that he really did murder Laius, who was in fact Oedipus’ biological father. Due to the revelation of events, the fate of Oedipus is more tragic than that of Hamlet. But the fate of Hamlet is also tragic, only occurring in a different way. He, Laertes, Queen Gertrude, and Claudius all die in the duel at the end of the story. Not to mention it was Hamlet who is directly responsible for killing Claudius’ chief counselor, Polonius, and also indirectly responsible for the death of Polonius’ daughter, Ophelia. Both Hamlet and Oedipus believe that fate is responsible for their tragic end, but clearly, Hamlet is more a victim of Claudius than fate, whereas Oedipus creates his own demise. It is obvious that both Hamlet and Oedipus are experiencing psychological trauma while suffering through the tragic events that took place. As Oedipus pursues the truth of Laius’ murder, the ambiguity of his origin slowly seeps toward the surface causing him to become infatuated with his quest. Oedipus’ passion drives him to discover the truth about his childhood which immediately propels him into a distraught state. To punish himself for what he has done, he impulsively grabs the pins from his mother/wife Jocasta’s robe, and gouges his own eyes out. Oedipus is emotionally shattered because he was driven to unveil the truth of his birth. As an innocent victim of a cruel predetermined fate, he represents a figure of psychological descent throughout the course of the story. Similar to Oedipus, Hamlet also experiences a psychological meltdown. The intensity of Hamlet’s distressed psychological state is very blatant, as Hamlet openly discusses his thoughts of suicide through one of his soliloquies. Vanessa Pupavac, a writer for Encyclopedia Britannica’s online website, conveys, Hamlet’s psychological crisis is precipitated by his inability to act against his uncle King Claudius and reconcile contradictory normative imperatives, such as his Christian beliefs. Pupavac) Additionally, Hamlet often demonstrates his anger and hostility by becoming enraged with both his mother and Ophelia. This behavior is evidence of a drastic change in his demeanor from the innocent scholar he was when introduced at the beginning of the story. Hamlet’s psychological agony ends as he finally carries out his revenge on Claudius and is successful in the eradication of the Danish court. Both Hamlet and Oedipus are able to fulfill their fortune, but neither is able to do so without providing insight to the unique psychological turmoil each of them have endured. Hamlet and Oedipus the King share many major themes which include tragedy, fate, and vengeance. When Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, it is apparent that he understood the literary work of Sophocles due to the similarity between the two stories. On the contrary to the resemblances in Hamlet and Oedipus the King, the major themes are articulated in an entirely different manner. Shakespeare uses loyalty and righteousness as a means to display the fateful message in Hamlet, as Sophocles uses arrogance and obstinacy to reveal the ill-fated consequences for over-zealous individuals like Oedipus. The theme of tragedy is used in the two stories to support the notion of fate, while the comparison of the tragic events in Hamlet and Oedipus the King were a result of different individual motives with the same idea of vengeance in mind. If logic and reasoning were to be used by Hamlet and Oedipus rather than reprisal, this may have completely changed their fate and kept them from the disastrous finale that they both suffered from. Work Cited Pupavac, Vanessa. Hamlet, the State of Emotion and the International Crisis of Meaning. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.   Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Mar. 2008. Web. 05 June 2010. lt; britannica. com/bps/additionalcontent/18/32010061/Hamlet-the-State-of-Emotion-and-the-International-Crisis-of-Meaninggt;. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. A. R. Braunmuller. The Pelican Shakespeare ed. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2001. Print Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Ed. Cyntyhia Brantley Johnson. Trans. Bernard Knox. New York, NY: Simon amp; Schuster Paperbacks, 2005. Print.

Cessna 421 Cockpit Modernisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cessna 421 Cockpit Modernisation - Essay Example It uses geared Continental GTSIO-520-D engines. The gearing is such that the drive shaft drives through a set of reducing gears instead of being directly connected to the propeller. The 421 series was first produced in May 1967 followed by the 421A in 1968 which was redesigned in 1970 and sold as the 421B. The 421C came into service in 1975 replacing the earlier versions 421A and the 421B. The aircraft had wet wings, the absence of wing tip fuel tanks and landing gear which was changed from straight leg to a trailing-link design which was produced from 1981 onwards. Its production came to halt in 1985 after 1901 aircrafts had been delivered. The 421C is a light passenger transport aircraft which was approved on October 28, 1975. The aircraft is powered by two Continental GTSIO-520-Ls or Continental GTSIO-520-Ns which are turbocharged, fuel injected and geared six-cylinder horizontally opposed air-cooled piston engine that produce 375hp each. Some general characteristics of this aircr aft include a crew of one or two, a capacity of six passengers, and length of 11.09, wingspan of 12.53m, wing area of 19.97m2, empty weight of 4501 lb, height of 3.49m and a maximum takeoff weight of 3379kg. It has a maximum speed of 256 knots with a cruise speed of 240 knots and a range of 2755km. the service ceiling is 9,205 m and a rate of climb of 1940 ft/min. (Cessna 421 Golden Eagle: Cessna model 421C information manual. 1979) Aim The main objective here is to upgrade the existing avionics panel of the Cessna 421C to the Garmin G600 display in order to reap the benefits of this modern design. Some of these include improved situational awareness, pilot safety and workload reduction. The other objective is to introduce modern avionics to the display panel for the venerable Eagle to make it more modern and efficient. To achieve this, we will employ the G600 together with some other retrofits to come up with a cockpit that is not only modern but also perfect in operation. Addition ally, further improvement of the passenger In Flight Entertainment System is also conducted to bring it to modern levels of service. The upgraded panel offers much more capability and comfort to the pilot. With the space so created from the reduced clutter, the interior design is refurbished. It is fitted with new light gray lather seats, writing tables, refreshment center and a belted potty. Discussion Cessna 421C Cockpit Diagrams are shown here bellow. Before retrofitting Fig 1: Cessna 421 Cockpit before upgrade Source: http://sarasotaavionics.com/panel-gallery/cessna-421/ After retrofitting Source: http://sarasotaavionics.com/panel-gallery/cessna-421/ The cockpit of the Cessna 421 in figure 1 above has several instruments cluttered across the main display panel making it rather tedious to the pilot to work. Most instruments here are mechanical and thus time consuming to read and interpret. Some of these instruments include: a Comm. Dual King KTR 905, Nav Dual King KNR 630, MFD Av idyne EX500, King KLN- 90B Approach GPS, ADF Dual King KDM-805, and Transponder Dual King KXP-755. It also includes autopilot King KFC 250 with Flight Director and yaw. Other important features are the dampener, the HIS Dual Cessna 1000 and a fuel management system. For instance, the altimeter which measures the aircrafts barometric settings, the attitude indicator, the horizontal situation indicator, the gyroscopes, all engine and emergency equipment are all mounted in the basic T fashion. It is therefore my desire to retrofit this window to a modern digital panel by using the Garmin G600 display. With this upgrade, we expect a safer, easy to operate

Investment Portfolio Implementation & Management Essay

Investment Portfolio Implementation & Management - Essay Example The following aspects have been considered before formulating the appropriate asset allocation strategy for the investor: An investment portfolio consists of a number of asset classes which have different levels of standard deviations, returns and yields. The assets that are to be included within an asset allocation model depend largely on the kind of return being expected by the investor and the risk that the individual is willing to bear (Market Watch, 2013). Therefore before preparing the asset allocation model, the first thing that needs to be identified over here is the latest investment benchmark figures of the different asset classes. Considering the above mentioned investment benchmarks, 8% of Dr. O’Hara’s investment should be made behind intermediate bonds as the investor wants to invest $30,000 in an asset that is considered safe and is associated with no expense, sales or early withdrawal charges. This will enable Dr. O’Hara that a guaranteed return is realized at the end of maturity thereby enabling the individual to pay for travel expenses without any inconvenience. Now, considering the fact that Dr. O’Hara wants to earmark $60,000 in an account with higher than current certificate of deposit or money market rates but minimal market volatility, 17% of the total investment sum should be invested in short term bonds. They have a standard deviation value of 0.68% indicates that this asset is less volatile. Therefore, keeping $60,000 earmarked for an investment in short term bonds will enable the investor to enjoy a return close to 0.71%, 1.23% and 2.74% respectively in bonds with 1 year, 5 years and 10 years maturity. The remaining 75% of the investment fund should be distributed appropriately between large cap stocks, small cap stocks, mid cap stocks and international stocks. 27% of the investment fund should be invested

Promote Equality and Inclusion in Children’s and Young People’s Settings Essay Example for Free

Promote Equality and Inclusion in Children’s and Young People’s Settings Essay The importance of diversity in an early years setting is that children need to have their own sense of identity and have a sense of pride in themselves and their cultures. Equality This means to treat everyone fairly and equally. Children should be treated as individuals, equally and fairly. Sometimes treating children equally, you have to treat them differently. All children should be valued for their individuality and offered any support they may need. Everyone should be treated with the care, consideration and respect that they have a right to and given the same opportunities to learn and achieve as others. Inclusion This mean to include everyone and meet the individual’s needs. It is a human right for every individual. Everyone counts and differences should be valued, respected and celebrated. Inclusion involves identifying barriers that prevent people from taking part, being involved and fitting in. Knowledge is needed to understand these barriers which can only then be broken down. It is everyone’s responsibility to remove these barriers. It involves making sure that all support systems are available in order for everyone to participate fully. The importance of having equality and inclusion in a setting is so the child does not have poor self-esteem or lack of respect or confidence. The child should not feel as though they are being stereo-typed which could make the child aggressive towards others and prevent the child from interacting. The child should believe in themselves and behave in accordance with others expectations. Equality Act 2010 is the law which bans unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in wider society. Participation Every child matters, whether they have a different culture, race, gender or if they have a disability, all children have equality of learning and to participate to allow them to grow and meet their full potential. Discrimination Discrimination is a preconceived attitude towards members of a particular group formed only upon the basis of their membership of that group that leads to less favourable or bad treatment of that person. Discrimination could be direct or indirect. Direct discrimination is when a person is treated differently to other people when they are in the same circumstances and indirect is when discrimination is done un-intently. Potential effects may include: Causing upset Affecting an individual’s self-esteem Causing stress Individuals feeling isolated Affecting individuals’ hopes and expectations Creating tensions Leading to stereotyping Leading to labelling Producing prejudices The types of discrimination are:- Racial discrimination This is a belief that some races are superior then others based on the false idea that skin colour may make people better than others. Institutional racism This describes any kind of system of inequality based on race. It can occur in institutions such as public government bodies, private business corporations and universities. Disability discrimination Disability discrimination is about being denied equality of opportunity with their non-disabled peers because of their disabilities or impairments. Sex Discrimination People of one gender reinforce the stereotype that they are superior to the other gender. Discrimination is generally based on either prejudice or stereotypes. Prejudice means to prejudice people based on assumptions and stereotype refers to forming an instant or fixed picture of a group of people, usually based on false or incomplete information. By being discriminated can cause a lifelong effect on a child. They could feel shy and lack in confidence which can then stop them from fulfilling the full potential.

Equity in the Workplace :: Workplace Essays

Equity in the Workplace  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employment, Inc is committed to a policy, as stated by the Federal Employment Equity, of achieving equality in the workplace so that no person is denied employment opportunities, pay or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability. Employment, Inc is therefore committed to equal employment opportunities, as stated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, for all applicants and employees without regard to age, race, color, religion, national origin, sex, physical or mental disability or any other unlawful grounds. In order to ensure an equitable workplace, Employment, Inc abides by a number of objectives as required by law. These objectives consist of::Workforce Survey - a collection of data on existing employees and determine those that fall into one of the designated categories. Workforce Analysis - compares the levels of representation of the designated groups on staff to representation numbers in the general population from which the company hires and record any gaps that might exist. Employment System Review - determines potential barriers to hiring, promotion and retention of employees from the designated groups, particularly where gaps exist. Elimination of Barriers- puts short-term measures in place to remove systemic barriers that exist as identified in the Employment System Review. Accommodation - puts measures in place that allow employees to request special consideration, up to the point of undue hardship to the company, to accommodate physical accessibility issues. Positive Policies and Practices - ensures employment equity goals are met. The policies are aimed at improving opportunities for under-represented groups. Hiring and Promotions Goals - addresses areas where under-representation exists for designated groups. Monitoring, Review and Revision of Plan - ensures that it remains current. In addition, the monitoring process is backed up by full managerial accountability for the success of the plan. Provision of Information - keeps employees and prospective employees aware of Employment, Inc’s Employment Equity initiatives. Consultation - seeks input from employee groups on the development, implementation and revision of our Employment Equity plan. Maintenance of Records - ensures all Employment Equity records are maintained in a secure fashion to ensure strictest confidentiality. In order to achieve the objectives listed, Employment, Inc has taken on a number of initiatives including: Completion of Workforce Surveys and Analysis Completion of Employment System Review and ongoing exploration of additional barriers for specific designated groups Continual work to remove physical and attitudinal barriers through: Management and employee sensitivity and diversity training, anti-harassment training and other educational initiatives

Negative Effects of Globalization Essay

Globalization is not a new phenomena. It was primarily formed long time ago, when Greeks, Romans conquered other countries and spread their power to them. However, the nature of globalization has been changed over time and reached to the stage of modern globalization. In the article â€Å"Spiritual perspective on globalization†, Ira Rifkin (2003) says that the modern globalization could be identified from a meeting on 1944 in Bretton Woods where forty five nations agreed to establish the IMF and the World Bank. The renovation of information technology, especially the spread of Internet has pushed the globalization process to happen faster than ever before and changed the whole world dramatically. Many countries are taking advantage of globalization to stimulate their economic growth, create more jobs and improve social benefits. However, they are also suffering several negative effects of globalization: the disappearance of some traditional culture, the destruction of environm ent, and the disparities between rich and poor. The first negative effect of globalization is that it is reducing the diversity of traditional culture of some small nations. Each country has its own identical culture. However, with the development of advance technology as well as international trade, a lot of multinational corporations are established; result in an interconnected world and the removal of national borders. Some countries are unable to resist the cultural interaction with other countries as well as the cultural imperialism of developed countries. Their traditional culture is losing and replaced by Americans and Western styles. Rifkin writes that the Americans and Western culture have affected or even obliterated the traditional culture of some countries. People in these countries are more and more prefer McDonald’s fast food, Hollywood films or Disney entertainments. In â€Å"The deadly noodle†, Hasting, Thiel and Thomas also mention that the American processed food may be one kind of American cultural sovereign. It has changed the food habits of many countries. In addition, in some extend, globalization also impacts on the way people consider knowledge. In this Information Age, it is easy to get all necessary information on the Internet and they are often formal modern knowledge. Thus, traditional knowledge is disappearing. In â€Å"Exiled to Cyberia†, Kunda Dixit says that we have paid too much attention on formal  modern knowledge, and overlooked the traditional knowledge. These cultural changes also happen in Vietnam. Young people now like to listen to the songs of the world famous singers like Celine Dion, Micheal Jackson or Lady Gaga and keep away most of Vietnamese traditional music. A lot of traditional games are no longer their favorite things. They like to spend their free time playing games online or chatting with friends on the Internet. At cinemas, Hollywood films are advertised everywhere but it is difficult to find a Vietnam film. Gradually, many countries are losing their cultural diversity and identity. And there wi ll be no big differences between countries’ culture because of the powerful spread of America and Western culture. Perhaps the next generations will not be aware that they used to have an unique traditional culture in their society. Another problem which countries are facing with under the effects of globalization is the degradation of environment. Human can be considered the owner of natural environment and have power to change it. However, the impacts of human on environment are more and more aggressive because of the explosion of population and economic growth. Global environment has been destroying in many different ways. In â€Å"Poverty and Environmental Degradation†, Mabogunje writes that the world’s population has increased rapidly, especially in developing countries and urban areas due to medical achievements. This population explosion has put many people in the poor standards of living. As a result, to make a living, they have cut trees in forests and over cultivated their farmlands. Therefore, a lot of species have no place to survive and then be extinct, a wide range of lands become desertification, and losses of topsoil are happening in many countries. The global ecosystem is becoming imbalanced and the environment is seriously degraded. Also, globalization has brought serious pollution for many countries in the world. Air pollution, water pollution and climate changes are now a big issue which requires all countries to cooperate to resolve. There are several factors causing pollution. One cause of air pollution and global warming is the increase in numbers of vehicles in cities, especially in developing countries. In â€Å"If poor get richer, does world see progress†, Knickerbocker tells us that Chinese economy has been quickly developing. In Shanghai, numbers of cars have been increasing significantly every week while the bicycles may be not permitted on some big roads. This change is making  global atmosphere polluted. The situation of Vietnam is as same as other developing countries. Recently, numbers of vehicles have been growing faster in big cities and they are a main cause of air pollution in Vietnamese urban areas. The consumption of the poor people also results in pollution. According to Maboguje, the biomass fuels and other products consumed by the poor are causing serious air pollution. The broad uses of chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides are another cause of pollution. Maboguje says that in order to produce more agricultural products, farmers in many countries have broadly used fertilizers and pesticides which pollute water sources and are harmful to environment as well as people’s health. Lastly, globalization is widening the gap between the rich and the poor. It has affected all the participants who involved in globalization process in many ways. Although some countries have already got out of poverty and developed their economy, wealth countries are those who have taken most benefits from globalization and become richer and more powerful. Multinational corporations in developed countries make huge profits from outsourcing their productions to developing countries where labor costs are very cheap and other production conditions are more favorable. As results, the gap between rich countries and poor countries are increasing. According to Rifkin, the unequal difference between the rich and the poor are widening. More than one billion people in the world are ling in very poor conditions. The rapidly economic growth in developing countries also results in the inequality in income and living standards of people living in cities and those living in rural areas. In fact, the economic growth often happens first in industrial areas and in cities, so people who have good education or working skills can get higher income and improve their lives. In rural areas, on the other hand, people’s lives basically depend on agriculture which is slowly developed so their incomes do not change very much or even decrease because of the impact of environment changes on their agricultural production. Moreover, when economy is growing, the goods price and standards of living are also higher. These things affect seriously to the poor people and make their lives become harder. In conclusion, globalization is  unavoidable trend in this advanced technology era. Most countries in the world were involved in this spiral of globalization. Although globalization has created a lot of significant benefits to these countries, helped them increase the economic growth, improve people’s living standards, it also has brought many challenges and disadvantages for these countries, in which the dismissal of traditional culture, environmental degradation, and disparities between rich and poor are notable issues. Each country suffers the negative effects of globalization on different levels. Thus, many countries may have different solutions to their problems. However, in order to reach to the sustainable development, every country needs to coordinate together to solve the issues and minimize the disadvantage effects. References Dixit, K. Exiled to Cyberia. Global Envision.org. Hastings, M and Thiel, S and Thomas, D. (2003, January 20). The deadly noodle. Newsweek, 141, 3. Knickerboker, B. (2004, January). If poor get richer, does world see progress. Christian Science Monitor. Mabogunje, A. L. (2002, January/February). Poverty and environmental degradation.Environment, 44, 1. Rifkin, I. (2003). Spiritual perspectives on globalization. Woodstock: Skylight Paths Publishers.

Report on Usha Martin

ON SALES PROCEDURES & LOGISTICS PREPARED FOR AND PRESENTED TO (WIRE & WIRE ROPE SPECIALITY DIVISION, RANCHI) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Mr. ARUN KUMAR DEY (Assistant Manager) (Sales Co-ordination) SUBMITTED BY NIKHIL KIRAN BBA, BIT MESRA, RANCHI. (2008-11) ANKIT KHANDELWAL BBA, BIT MESRA, RANCHI. (2008-11) VIKASH KUMAR DUBEY BBA, BIT MESRA, RANCHI. (2008- 11) DECLARATION CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that the work presented in the project entitled â€Å"SALES PROCEDURES AND LOGISTICS OF USHA MARTIN† in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION of Birla Institute Of Technology Mesra,Ranchi is an authentic work carried out under my supervision and guidance . To the best knowledge, The content of this project does not form a basis for the award of any previous degree to any one else. (A. R. SRIVASTAV) Dept Of management Birla Institute Of Technology Lalpur Extension Centre Ranchi CERTIFICATE OF APPROVALThe foregoing project e ntitled â€Å"SALES PROCEDURES & LOGISTICS OF USHA MARTIN LTD. † Is hereby approved as a credible study of research topic and has been presented in satisfactory manner to warrant its acceptance as perquisite to the degree for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval, the undersigned do not necessarily endorse any conclusion drawn or opinion expressed therein, but approve the thesis for the purpose for which it is submitted. Intenal Examiner External Examiner Head Of The DepartmentAcknowledgement The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the work would be incomplete unless I mention the people, as an expression of gratitude, who made it possible and whose constant guidance and encouragement served as a beacon of light and crowned my efforts with success. This report would have been impossible but for the support and guidance that we received from various people at different stages of the project. Our sincere thanks to MR. A. R. SRIVASTAV whose excellent guidance, encouragement and patience has made possible the successful completion of this project.Last but not the least we extend my sincere thanks to the entire team for providing me their time and active co-operation and all who have helped me directly or indirectly in this project. CONTENTS SI. No. | Description| | Industry and Company Profile| | | | a) Vision| | b) A brief History | | c) Other Particulars | | d) Competitors | | The Project Profile| 1| | 2| Sales procedure and System| 3| Sales procedure and form| 4| Quality analysis Testing| 5| Dispatch | | The Project-Background & Methodology| 1| Research Topic| 2| Research Objective| | Research design | 4| Information Requirement| 5| Sampling | 6| Limitations| | Analysis and Recommendation| 1| Logistics | 2| Analysis of process involved in loading cycle | 3| Findings / Suggestions| 4| Analysis of Monthly Dispatch of wire and rope | 5| Findings / Suggestions | 6| Swot Analysis for UML| | Conc lusion| | BIBLIOGRAPHY| | | VISION In our chosen business, we shall retain market leadership in India and shall be globally competitive through customer orientation and excellence in quality, innovation and technology. Looking Back – A Brief History 960 – The Company was incorporated as Usha Martin Black (Wire Ropes) limited having its wire rope plant at Ranchi. The name was changed to Usha Martin Black Ltd. in 1979 and further changed to Usha Martin Industries Ltd. (UMIL) in 1983. 1962 –the production was started and the turnover that year was 996 MT and Rs. 22. 34 lakhs respectively. 1965 – UMIL promoted Usha Ismal Ltd. (UIL) in collaboration with CCL Systems Ltd of UK for the manufacture of fittings and accessories, equipment for pre-stressed concrete system, wire ropes and wire ropes splicing equipment at Ranchi.UIL merged with UMIL in 1990 and became a division of the company 1969-promoted Usha Brecko Ltd. To design, construct and erect Arial ropeway . 1971 – UMIL promoted Usha Alloy Steels Limited (UASL) for the manufacture of billets at Jamshedpur. UASL merged with UMIL in 1988. 1975 – UASL acquired an ongoing rolling mill at Agra. 1975 – UMIL set up its Machinery Division at Bangalore for the manufacture of Wire Drawing and allied machines in technical collaboration with Marshall Richards Barcro Limited (MRB) of UK. 1979 – In order to obtain steady supply of wire rods for its wire rope plant, UASL set up a Wire Rod Rolling Mill at Jamshedpur. 980-Promote Usha Siam steel industry Ltd. in Thailand to manufacturing wire, wire rope , and auto control cables. 1986-Promote Usha Beltrone Ltd. To manufacture Jelly filled. 1987 – UMIL, along with Bihar State Electronics Development Corporation, promoted Usha Beltron Ltd. (UBL) in collaboration with AEG KABEL of Germany for the manufacture of Jelly Filled Telephone Cables. 1993-Promoted Usha Martin Pvt. Ltd. a joint venture, to provide cellular, pagin g and Telecom services. 1994-Setup software division to provide IT solutions for communication application. Setup Usha Martin Europe Ltd. a distribution center at Glasgow, U.K. 1996-Promoted summit Usha Martin Finance Ltd. a joint venture to proved financial services. 1997 – UMIL merged with UBL i. e. 1st October 1997. 1998-Setup Usha Martin amerces inc. , distribution center in Houston. Setup UMLcor, South Africa, a manufacture unit and distribution center in Johannesburg. 2000 – Acquisition of specialty wire rope manufacturing plant in UK â€Å"BruntonShaw†. Commissioning of 25 MW thermal power plants for captive consumption. 2001 – – Commissioning of 2nd SMS to enhance capacity and produce quality specialty steel. 2003 – Usha Beltron Ltd Changed its name to â€Å"Usha Martin Limited (UML).UML created Fine Cord Plasticated coated Fine wires, household wire, Polymer coated wire, Fine Ropes & Bright Bars manufacturing facilities in Tatisilw ai- Ranchi. 2004-The company successful commissioned DRI and WHRB power plant at its steel division in Jamshedpur. 2005-The company signs an MOU with Joh. Pengg for manufacturing of the specialty oil tempered spring steel wire. Commences iron ore mines successfully. Railway siding commenced. 2006-Pursuant to B. T. A. the company acquired the business of Usha construction steel ltd. , Rolling mill at Agra w. e. f. 1st-dec- 2006 as a part of the steel segment. 007- Peng Usha Martin collaborates with Jo-Peng, Austria in 2007 for Special Wire. 2008-. In this year Usha Martin Limited has awarded for excellence in consistent TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) in 2008 by Japan Institute of plant maintenance (JIPM), and CII (Confederation of Indian Industries) 2009- In this year company sets some more plants inside the Tatisilwai wire and wire rope plant and the construction and upgradation is continued, like 20MW power plant is under construction which will increase the monthly production of the unit. A 3000 tn capacity LRPC plant was established in this year at Tatisilwai plant.The company acquired Netherland based distribution and Rigging Company De Ruiter Stackable B. V. Successfull commissioning of wire rope plant at Houston, America. Other Particulars IN USHA MARTIN L. T. D Location Chotanagpur Plateau Plant Area112 Acres Nearest TownRanchi (13 Km) Nearest Railway StationTatisilwai (1 Km) Nearest Airport Ranchi (17 Km) Nearest HighwayN H-33 (8 Km) Nearest PortKolkata (412 km) PowerContracted demand 8000 KVA Source-JSEB Water2400-3200 m3/day SourcesSubernekha River . Competitors for Usha Martin Ltd. GLOBAL COMPETITORS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS COMPANYCOUNTRY Kiss wireKoreaBritish RopeU. K. Haggier randSouth Africa FedgerSwitzerland Austria droughtAustria CasarGermany BridonGermany DietzGermany John ShawU. K. RedaelliItaly SFESpain TeufelbergerAustria PfeifferSwitzerland DOMESTIC COMPETITORS IN INDIA South India wireKerela Bombay Wire RopesMaharashtra Bharat Wires Ropes Maharashtra INTRODUCTION ON SALES PROFILE Sales Co-ordination Department occupies a strategic position in USHA MARTIN LTD. It spreads the organization’s effort to supply customer with ever increasing qualitative of product at profitable price. Good products at competitive price are not enough.Company’s success is affected by the dealings and association of the sales Co-ordination department with customer and public, sales Co-ordination department with other department with other department influence the company’s reputation with public. So each and every department is able to maintain a healthy relationship with sales department. QUALITY OBJECTIVES OF SALES CO-ORDINATION DEPARTMENT VISION: QUALITY WORK WITH LOWEST COST SALES PROCEDURE FLOW CHART ENQUIRY: First of all enquiry is made about the product required i. e. whether the company has required product of required size, length, weight, rate, delivery etc.QUOTATION: In Quotation Company gives detail info rmation on certain matter to the customers. The quotation includes: > Product variance > Rate > Lead time > Delivery > Making time PURCHASE ORDER: Purchase order gives the complete of the product demanded by the customer. Purchase order is packed to the Head office of the company. Along with the covering letter, the Purchase order is forwarded to the planning Department of the company and accordingly sales order is prepared. It contains following information: * Name of the customer with address. * Place, the products are to be delivered (consignee). * Reference no. hich is used as order number by the company. * Name of the product. * Size of the product. * Construction of the product. * Coating and core of the product. * Rate/price of the product. * Quantity of the product. * Remark. SALES ORDER: Sales order is prepared in the planning department with the help the existing system (BAAN). It contains entire information as given in the purchase order. Sales order is send to branch off ice, Kolkata marketing, quality assurance, sales co-ordination Department with the help of BAAN. BAAN is an intra organizational network connected with the computer and is automatically updated.SALES ORDER CONTAINS: * Customer address with code. * Order acceptance no. * Customer’s order no. * Quotation. * Order no. * Date. * Branch Name. * Consignee. * Taxes & Duties. * Postal address. * Other expenses. (Insurance, octroi, advance, commission) * Banker. * Payment terms. PRIME STOCK Prime stock is the MIS of finished goods. It is prepared by production department. It provides the clear picture of what products have been produced and their composition and thus it facilitates in analyzing. Prime stock report is sent to sales co-ordination department. It provides the following details: Sales order. * Project & lot. * Length of the product. * Weight of the product * Reel used for packing and its weight. * Type, size & construction of the product. * Coating lay, tensile. * Lubrican t used in the product. * Closing sheet date & status of the product. * Rate and value of the products. * Information regarding party code, consignee & Destination. * Inspection and age of the product. IMPORTANCE: a) Prime stock assists sales co-ordination department to take the decision in b) What ratio dispatch will be made. c) It helps in making the dispatch advice or rough challan no. ) It helps in knowing the detail specification of the products to be dispatched. PRODUCTION PLAN After the sales order has been made, the company plans about the raw materials to be purchased, the raw materials in stock, container requirement, delivery time etc. It contains the following plan: * Monthly production plan. * Quantity wise production plan. * Order wise production plan. * Raw material wise production plan. * Number of Man power needed. * Nos. of Reels, Bobbins required. * Machine planning. PRODUCTION: After production plan the actual production takes place in the production department.Th e following production process is followed: Rod Ironing Pickling Denting Wire Mill (rod is drawn to make wire) ROD WIRE STRAND ROPE WIRE * Galvanized (zinc or lead) * Black Rope: Construction: * 6/36 i. e. it contains 6 strands & one strand contain 36 wires. There are many Other constructions like 1/7, 6/7 , 6/26, 8/36 , 6/ 19 etc. * It may be G/S (Galvanize Steel) , B/S (Black Steel), G/F (Galvanize Fibre coat) etc. Q A Testing: The product produced is send to the QA department and when QA passes it certificate of test is released and then closing stock is ascertained. DISPATCH: For dispatch of goods following planning is done: * Advance dispatch plan * Container requirement. * Container Fumigation (Methyl bromide). * Loading . . . . . . . . LOGISTICS IN USHA MARTIN LIMITED The major elements of market logistics in UML are: * Order Processing * Ware Housing * Inventory * Transportation * Information Monitoring * GPS (Global Positioning System) . The Transportation System Introducti on The transportation system is the physical link connecting a company customers, raw materials suppliers , pants ,warehouses and channel members the fixed point in a logistics supply chain.The fixed points in the logistic system are where some activity temporarily halts the flow of goods in the logistics pipeline. The Role of Transportation In Logistics. Bridge over buyer-seller gap: Conceptually, a company’s logistics supply chain is a series of fixed points where the goods come to rest and transportation links. The transportation link permits good to flow between the various fixed points and bridges the buyer-seller gap. Value added: Transportation is the physical thread connecting the company’s geographically dispersed operation.More specifically, transportation added value to the company by creating time and place utility; the value added is the physical movement of goods to the place desired and at the time desired. Global impact: As supply chain becomes increasi ngly in our global economy, the transportation function is connecting buyers and sellers that may be tens of thousands of miles apart. The Transportation Selection Decision The carrier selection decision is a specialized purchasing process whereby a film purchases the service a carrier to provide the necessary link among logistics facilities.It must also consider the other costs associated with how the transport method’s services affected the facility operation. The transit time, the greater the inventory level the company requires to protect against stock outs until the next shipment arrives. Modal choice: Carrier selection is a twofold process. First the firm selects a transportation mode. The choice includes the basic mode of rail, water, trucks, air, and pipeline. In addition, intermodal transportation, which used two or more modes to provide services over a given traffic lane, is available.The most common forms of intermodal transportation include rail-truck (piggyback), truck – air and rail water. Specific carrier choice: the second step in the decision is to select a specific carrier from within the chosen mode or intermodal form. The specific carrier selection requires the firm to choose the legal carrier type: common, regulated, contract, exempt or private. , . MODE OF LOGOSTICS DEPARTMENTS Intermodal Transportation Intermodal transport services refer to the use of two or more carriers of different modes in the through movement of a shipment. PiggybackPiggyback is a specialized from in which rail and motor transport coordinate. In piggyback, the carrier places the motor carrier trailer on a rail flatcar, which moves the trailer by rail for long distance. A motor carrier combines the long- haul, low-cost advantage of rail with the accessibility of motor. Rail Truck Pipeline Water Air . . . TRANSPORTATION IN USHA MARTIN LIMITED The process adopted in UML for transportation under logistics are :- 1. ) Basic Mode Roadways 2. ) Specific type a) By Truck b) By trailer ) By container Specific Type Trailer Container Truck Mainly for Export 10 Wheeler 6 Wheeler Wheeler Diff. trailer with diff. capacity 30 ton 15 ton Open top Close on Fig- Flow chart of specific type of transportation TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT: UML is delivering the outgoing finished goods to the domestic customer through roadways and railways. Roadways cover the maximum delivery to the customers. But for the international customers UML is sending the finished goods through waterways (i. e. shipping). As we know that the water is the one of the cheapest means of transportation.Some times UML is meeting the customer’s need through airways, (the cost is to be paid by customers) when there is a quick delivery needed. Fig. Overall Process of Transportation In Usha Martin Limited (From sales Department) Process involve in Loading Cycle 1. ) Main gate security :- The truck / trailer reports to the main gate. The security officer inspects the vehicle no. , t ransport name, driver’s name and license no. the owner book and in time of the trucks. 2. ) Weigh bridge :- Here trucks are weighted before loading the material and a slip is given to the driver of tare weight. 3. Transporter reports to the sales officer :- The transporter reports to the department after the arrival of trucks inside the factory premises so as to prepare the loading advice. 4. ) Trucks reports to dispatch area :- After reporting to the main gate security and weight- machine the truck reports to the dispatch area to inform the department of its arrival. 5. ) Sales release the loading advice :- Soon after the transport reports, the department releases the loading advice so that the loading process starts. 6. ) Trucks are loaded as per the loading advice :- The dispatch section segregated material as per loading advice memo.The materials are loaded in such a way that the packing does not damaged during loading and in transit. 7. ) Loaded truck reports to weight b ridge :- After loading the trucks again reports to the weight machine. Here again a ship of grand weight and net weight is given to the driver. 8. ) Sales releases the dispatch documents :- The sale department releases the dispatch documents that consist of transporter note or receipt, excise / custom gate pass, packing list, certification of test, road permit that are attached to the invoice before handling over the documents to the transporter 9. ) Main gate security :-The second interactions clears or checks the party name and address, material description, quantity, invoice of the loaded truck and keep record of out time the loaded trucks. Fig. Flow of Transportation within Factory Premises (For Finished Goods) Distribution Network of UML, Ranchi EXPORTS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS BY UML Works Usha Martin Limited Ranchi Kolkata PortHaldia Port Mumbai Port Usha Martin, AmericaUsha Martin, Scandinavia Mid East Countries Usha Martin, Europe, UKUMLCOR, Africa To Different Customer Fig . Process of Export rope dispatch used by Usha Martin Limited (By sales Department)ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION USHA MARTIN INDUSTRIES assess the logistic function, which help the raw material which is purchased and then it is planned accordingly for the production and when the production is finished good is kept in the stock godown from there it is despatched according to the demand of the customer through the efficient distribution channels to the destination or warehouse accordingly. From Purchase Department:- Purchase department deals with the purchase of raw materials like wire rod and lubricants (from Jamshedpur), chemicals from (Mumbai) like, HCL Borax, etc.Propane gas (from GILO, Zinc lead (from Kolkata. ) In this department relevant information are incorporated in the purchase orders so that product supplied by the sub-contractors, meet desired quality requirements. The product is reviewed and approved by management representative and issued by head of quality system. The re sponsibility of implementing and maintaining the procedural steps of this procedure rests with in charge of purchase department. From planning Department:- Planning Department deals with the allocation of work according to product Planning Department review the purchase order.After receiving it becomes the sales order. It includes all the necessary details regarding product and also the address of the consignee. On the basis of this a W. P. S. (Work Plan Schedule) is prepared Plan horizon of UML is 15 days W. P. S. includes schedule of each and every day. That is from the day despatching of the product. Something advance planning is made for the products, which are always in, demands (for e. g. fishing rope). From production department:- The main manufacturing plants that U. M. I. contains are wire, strand and rope. Its wires and ropes are used for various purposes. For e. . fishing rope, engineering ropes etc. U. M. I. is specialists of L. C. W. R. ropes, which is mainly used, in m ining industries U. M. I. ropes have to go through a tensile strength test before DESPATCHING. Research Topic Before we start our research, it is necessary to have at least some idea of what to do? This is probably the most difficult and yet the most important component of the research project. Without being clear about what we are going to research it is difficult to plan how to research? Therefore formulating and clarifying the research topic is the starting point of any research project.Taking into account the above matter, the research topic is formulated as such: â€Å"SALES PROCEDURES & LOGOSTICS† Research Objective The research may begin with a general focus as a base from which to right a set of research objective. Objective is more generally acceptable as evidence of the researcher’s clear sense of purpose and direction. A research objective requires more rigorous thinking which derives from the use of more formal language. Therefore the broad objective of the study is : * To analyses the dispatch of wire & rope. * Control of loading cycle time. To obtain the required knowledge of the subject. * To study the existing Sales procedures & Logistics of UML. * To find out the related problem in its system and recommend solution as per the findings. * To analyse the working & function of the sales dept. or systems to know how well the manpower is utilized. * To study the distribution network. * To find out the lacunae in the functioning of the logistic department. * To find out whether the present distribution network need some changes. * To study the consumer's behaviour ; to find out which area needs improvement. To suggest corrective measures to tighten the loose threads in the area of study Sub-objective: These would be related to Sales Procedure and Logistics which contains the study of transportation. It would reveal: * Whether the sales procedure and Logistics are properly followed by UML or not. * If not, then where the improvement is required. * Is the existing system sufficient with some modifications and improvement or does it need’s to be changed to do the products well in the market and to increase the sales volume. Altogether the hypothesis / sub-objectives developed are: To analyze the performance of the approved transporter. * To reduce the loading cycle time. * To find out the fluctuation of transportation rates. * To find out the time in documentation while releasing the loaded truck. * To upgrade the existing system concerning flow of material related to the transportation. * To analyze the activity of dispatch section insuring loading and dispatch of correct material so that these are delivered at customer’s end in good condition. Research design: A research design is simply a frame work or plan for a study that guides the collection and analysis of data.It is a blue print that is followed in completing study the main purpose of the study is to maintain flexibility and to discover ideas and insights not previously recognized therefore the study has been conducted in two phases. * Exploratory study * Conclusive study Exploratory study: This research is often conducted because the problem has not been clearly defined as yet. It allows the researcher to familiarize himself with the problem or concept to be studied. It helps to determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects.It has been aimed to study the basic know how about the Usha Martine Ltd. This has been done through making an introductory visit to all the functioning department of the company specially the sales co-ordination department. Conclusive study: This research is meant to provide information that is useful in reaching conclusions or decision making. The research relies on both the secondary data and the primary data. It has been conducted through interacting with various people of sales co-ordination, expertise, interviews, observations, data collection, office reco rd, questionnaires etc.Information Requirement In a broader sense we can say that the two types of data available to a research are Primary data and Secondary data. Primary data are generated when a particular problem at hand is investigated by the researcher employing mail, questionnaire, telephone surveys, personal interview, observation, experiment. The primary data which were required for the research and to get the information, done through the help of survey. The survey thus conducted, applying the various tools, to get the information . These are done though I. Observation.II. Questionnaire. III. Interview. The process by which the trucks are loaded and in accordance the data which were collected, is done through the help of observation, questionnaire, and personal interview let the researcher to know about the loading cycle time, fluctuation in transportation rate, loading and dispatch of correct material, documentation process, transporter view , employee ideas etc. Seconda ry data includes those data which are collected for some earlier research work and are applicable in the study, the researcher has presently undertaken.Secondary data include both quantitative and qualitative data, and they can be used in both exploratory research and conclusive research . There are variety of classification for secondary data. It may be documentary data, survey based data and those compiled from multiple sources. Documentary secondary data include written document of the organization. These records or the document include:- 1. Operating procedure of sales coordination department that are: a) Dispatch of wire. b) Packing of wire. c) Marking of wire. d) Dispatch of rope. e) Packing of rope or reel for Domestic / Export ) Packing of rope in coil for Domestic / Export. g) Calculation of the sub Contractor / Transporter performance rating. h) Approval of transporter. i) Handling storage and disposal of customer returned material. 2. Monthly dispatch figure of finished p roduct. 3. Daily dispatch figure of each product. 4. Organization websites. 5. Reports of committees. 6. Annual reports of the company. 7. Book. 8. Internet. 9. Domestic wise transportation rate per metric ton. 10. Dispatch documents consisting Invoice, Rough challan, Transporter consignment note, Guarantee certificate, Certificate for test, Road permit etc. 1. Placement and dispatch of containers and trucks. Sampling Generally when field studies are undertaken in practical life , consideration of time and cost need to a selection for the researcher and that is selection of few items. Sample Technique The items which are selected is called sample and the process which involves in selecting the sample is called sample technique. In this research, technique which is used for the collection of data is judgmental sampling. Before starting rational judgment is taken and the sample should be the representative of the entire transportation under logistics. Sample SizeThis refers to the no. of items to be selected. It should be neither excessively large nor too small, it should be optimum. The optimum sample is one which fulfills the requirement of efficiency, representatives, reliability and flexibility. The samples which are selected for the information collection are:- a) Monthly dispatch figure of last three years. b) Times taken by each truck for loading and also for the container were in number of five. c) Single truck / container each day for 5 days. d) Destination wise rates of transport for last three years. e) Performance rating of last quarter, ending of financial year 07 .Limitations The primary limitation of the project was the duration of one months that was set to complete the assignment. Lost of data had to be collected and analyzed for collecting the data regarding transportation. Many existing transporter could not interviewed. The secondary limitation was regarding to the secondary data collected from the internal sources of the company about the ap proved transporters, their products, loading cycle etc. because there was huge work pressure on managers as well as on supervisor Self visiting was not allowed by the company for collecting data.The company guide does have less time to spend with us because of busy schedule of sales-coordination department. Chart of time taken by each truck Findings From the entire study on total loading cycle time, it is observed that the total time taken by the trailer (including taking the empty container) and truck exceed the normal time frame. The normal time taken is more than 5 to 6 hrs. this variation ranges from 5 hrs to 22 hrs. There are more areas that have taken in to consideration which create delay in delivery.These are as follows:- * Late dispatch of documents led to late delivery of loaded trucks. The dispatch documents generally release after 4’o clock in the second half of the day and therefore even the trucks are fully loaded it waits for the document to get, before living the factory. * As per late preparation of’ certificate of test ‘by Quality assurance department the entire documentation process moves slow ; make delay. * The sample size taken to calculate the total loading cycle time of fine trucks / container shows that not a single vehicle is loaded , within a time period of five to six hrs. Delay in arrival or in time placement of trucks or trailers. * The way which involves the loading cycle is so complicated that even the transporter wants to arrive quickly, it takes enough time. * The trucks generally wait in queues because the trucks which have arrived earlier are there for loading the material / goods at loading point. * As soon as the truck reports to the factory the two way process starts, the one by the transporter and the other by truck driver. Transporter reports to the sales office and the truck to security then weigh bridge and so on. UML uses only a single mode of transportation and that is the road ways. * Trucks are loaded as per loading advice memo. Time varies in loading different types of material. For domestic supply the loading of material takes less time but for the export it takes enough time. Time also varies in loading the material which generally are product wise, size wise, and order wise. * On few occasion printing and painting of reels is done after placement of lorry. The loading cycle time in the whole process is greater and it is a lengthy procedure this time needs to be reduced.Suggestion / Recommendation While undergoing the study various flaws regarding documentation process, loading point, dispatch area, transportation was observed. During this period of our study various pit falls and problems in existing system we found ,so to provide UML a better future various options has been chalked out . * As per our analysis loading cycle time can be reduced by on-line system entry. As the truck reports the truck no. , transporter name etc. must be entered into the system by the sec urity officer. The information provided is uploaded by sales dept.The sales dept. then makes the loading advice memo entry in system accordingly and the dispatch dept. generates this loading memo and starts further process. * There should be a foolproof system of controlling, approving the placement of vehicles by logistics section to work under a committee comprising of 2/3 persons with empowerment to take decision. * Road permit, certificate of test ; other papers concerned with transportation should be arranged well in advance so as to avoid any type of delay in dispatching which might also avoid any type of delay in delivery. Painting ; printing of the reels should be done well in advance before the placement of lorry. Also material should be traced well in advance. * There should be some substitute for the weigh bridge in charge in case if he goes for lunch ; other miscellaneous activities. * There should be a provision to develop more loading points at each dispatch sections o f wire ; ropes , so as the trucks should not wait much to come to its turn for loading. Product wise, size wise, order wise, time varies for loading of different material , therefore there should be more loading point to tackle or overcome such difficulties. There should be a change in layout of loading cycle which creates some problem for heavy vehicle to weigh. This arrangement should be made easy and straight so that the process involved take less time. For example the weigh bridge should be placed near gate no. 3 which surely reduces the time in this period i. e. loading cycle period. * This entire process reduces the loading cycle time upto great extend and the work can be done effectively ; efficiently. Analysis of Monthly Despatch of Wire ; Rope 2007-10 (Quantity in MT) Month| 2009-10| 2008-09| 2007-08|April| 8150| 7750| 7533| May| 9369| 11295| 8279| June| 11399| 10686| 11960| July| 10474| 10679| 9342| Aug| 11614| 11547| 8667| Sep| 12955| 11827| 12326| Oct| 10148| 9818| 7595| Nov| 11197| 10889| 9070| Dec| 13721| 9266| 12366| Jan| 11189| 7467| 9026| Feb| 11133| 9070| 8380| Mar| 15643| 12019| 13344| Total| 136986| 122313| 117888| Monthly despatch figure from 2007-08 to 2009–10 Sale in Domestic Market for Year 2009-10 Month| Quantity(In MT)| April| 5870| May| 5988| June| 7157| July| 6948| August| 7240| September| 7698| October| 7224| November| 7369|December| 9533| January| 7814| February| 8083| March| 11451| Total| 92375 | Sales in Domestic market 2009-10 Sale in Domestic Market for Year 2009-10 Month| Quantity(In MT)| April| 5870| May| 5988| June| 7157| July| 6948| August| 7240| September| 7698| October| 7224| November| 7369| December| 9533| January| 7814| February| 8083| March| 11451| Total| 92375 | Sales in Domestic market 2009-10 Sale in Export Market for Year 2009-10 Month| Quantity(In MT)| April| 2280| May| 3380| June| 4241| July| 3525| August| 4374| September| 5257| October| 2924|November| 3827| December| 4187| January| 3374| February| 3050| March| 4192| Total| 44611| Sales in Export market 2009-10 SALES PERFORMANCE IN THE YEAR 2009-10 Fig. Sales Performance in the financial year 2009-10 Fig. Sales Performance in the financial year 2009-10 (in MT) SWOT ANALYSIS OF USHA MARTIN LIMITED STRENGTH: * Usha Martin Limited has a good brand image. * Usha Martin Limited produces good quality product. * Usha Martin Limited is one of the few producers in the world and in India as well which produces few specialty products like wire and wire rope. Usha Martin Limited has a good financial position. * Usha Martin Limited has a wide range of product. * It has big customer like Coal India, SAIL, TISCO, HEC, ONGC, ACC, CCL, BHEL, L;T etc. * Usha Martin Limited has a strong export market. * Usha Martin Limited has implemented TPM (Total Productive Management) and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) in 2000-01 with the objective of increasing productivity, raising quality, and reducing costs. * In the Wire Rope division, the company entered Australia and South East Asia * The company acquired Brunt Shaw Ltd. a leading U. K. Wire Rope manufacturer, to source logically – advanced Ropes and access European Market. * Usha Martin Limited has a sound workforce infrastructure. * It has sound commercially viable infrastructure. * Usha Martin Limited has a prompt good Management Information System. * Usha Martin Limited performs many welfare activities for their employee by providing them medical facilities, bus facilities, and other welfare like canteen facility, vehicle advance and medical advance. * Usha Martin Limited has the second position in the world in producing specialty products. Usha Martin Limited has got a good market share of its product range in domestic market. WEAKNESS: * Usha Martin Limited. Products are available at higher price. * It has lack of warehouse and distribution centres. * Its machines and tools have become old and obsolete. * Lack of morale has been seen among the employee of the UML. OPP ORTUNITY: * It can increase its sales by reducing the cost, so that it can sell its product at lesser price. * It can upgrade its position if it makes alliances or merges with small rivals, which are doing well at different zones of the country. Usha Martin Limited can increase its profit if it gives more emphasis on direct marketing with the customer. * Usha Martin Limited should look for areas, where there is no supplies at all * Usha Martin Limited should market its products and services on a broader horizon. * Usha Martin Lmited should forge into those product ranges, which is feasible for its diversification. * Usha Martin Limited should seek for new market globally, where things are favourable for it. THREATS: * Small rivals are emerging at different parts of the country. *Low prices of the rival's product are a great threat for the Usha Martin Limited * Timely deliveries of the product by the competitors are putting more threat to the Usha Martin Limited. * Government always changes its policies & it brings a great threat to this organization. * Due to excess bundhs and chakka jams organised by the political parties and naxlites it is a big threats for this organisation. * Bad roadways of Jharkhand state results in late delivery of raw material and finished product and availability of raw materials at the right time. CONCLUSIONEvery organization stands on some pillars. These pillars are Finance, Marketing, operations and Human resources. To maintain the current position in the respective industry the organization has to be competent in all these areas. In case of UML, it is currently leader in the domestic market and no. two position in global market of wire rope industry. To maintain its current position at all the front as discussed above. After studying the sales procedure and systems of UML, it has been found that certain procedures are lengthy which can be reduced for effective functioning of the organization.And certain Jobs need to be off-loaded so that the manpower is utilized efficiently. It helps in coordination and functioning of the organization effectively, thus enhancing the productivity & profitability of the company. (1) Web sites concerned ———–(a). www. ushamartin. com (b). www. wirerope . com (c). www. google. com (2). Company Journal ———– (a)Annual report of UML (b)Office document (c) Usha News (3). Books Research Methods for Business Student —— Philip kotler

The Enlightenment essays

The Enlightenment essays The eighteenth centurys most exciting intellectual movement is called the Enlightenment. Its powerful dedication to reason and rational thought that until quite recently the era was sometimes characterized as the Age of Reason. The turn toward what became known by 1750 as the Enlightenment began in the late seventeenth century. Three factors were critically important in this new intellectual ferment. One, was a revulsion against monarchical and clerical absolutism and new freedom of publishing. Also, was the rise of a new public and secular culture. And not least, the impact of Scientific Revolution, particularly the excitement generated by Newtons Principia (1687). Newtons work seemed to prove that order and mathematically demonstrable laws were at work in the physical universe. Perhaps a similar order and rationality could be imposed on the social and political institutions. This ideal fired the imagination of the leaders of the Enlightenment, who gradually became known as philosophes, simply French for philosophers. But regardless of national origin, the name took hold for thinkers as diverse as the French writer Voltaire, the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin, and the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). The French philosophes were the most outspoken and most radical of the century, and to this day when thinking of the Enlightenment, France is the first to come to mind. Late in the eighteenth century, Kant gave the most succinct definition of the Enlightenment: bringing light into the dark corners of mind, dispelling ignorance, prejudice, and superstition. Kant went to the heart of one aspect of the Enlightenment: its insistence that each individual should reason independently, without recourse to the authority of schools, churches, or clergymen. Kant hoped that the call for self-education and critical thought would mea ...

Filibuster Rules in the U.S. Senate

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Music & the Liturgy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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